Mini Review Inflammation and Regeneration
نویسندگان
چکیده
プロスタノイ ドは通常は細胞内に貯蔵されてお らず,細 胞内で必要 に応 じて合成,放 出され,そ の局所で多彩な作用 を発揮 し,生 体 のホメオスタ シスの維持 に関わる重要なオータコイドである. なかでも,生 体内において もっとも豊富に存在す るプ ロスタノイ ドであ るプロスタ グラ ンジン (PG)E2の 生理活性は血管拡張,胃 液分泌抑制,子 宮収縮,気 管支拡張,発 熱や発痛,炎 症反応など 多岐にわたっている.PGE2生 合成経路 はつぎの ような複数の酵素を介 した反応系で説明されてい る.す なわち,細 胞が生理的,病 理的なさまざま な刺激を受 けると,ホ スホ リパーゼA2(PLA2)に より生体膜 リン脂質からアラキドン酸が遊離され たあと,こ のアラキドン酸がシクロオキシゲナー ゼ(COX)に よりPGH,に 変換 される.さ らに,こ のPGH2がPGE、 合 成酵 素(PGES)に よ りPGE2 に変換 されるというものである. PGE、 以外のプロスタノイ ド生合成の最終段階 を触媒する酵素については一次構造が決定されて いるが,最 近 までPGESに ついては解明されてい なかった.し かし最近 にな り,細 胞内局在性の異 なる二種類のPGESが 同定された.一 つは筆者 ら がラッ トの脳 より精製,同 定 した細胞質型酵素で あ り,も う一つはSamuelssonら により遺伝子ク ローニングがなされた膜結合型酵素である.以 下 本稿で は当研究室 の研究成果 を中心 に両PGES の性状および機能について論 じたい.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009